The European Union (EU) has about 40 free trade deals, covering more than 70 countries. That means the UK, as a member of the EU, can currently trade with countries like Canada without having to pay taxes (tariffs) on most goods.
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In the run-up to Brexit, the UK has been trying to replicate all of the EU's trade deals. This is to make sure the UK has the same tariff-free access to these countries after the transition period, rather than paying extra taxes on goods under WTO (World Trade Organization) terms.
Up to now, the UK has only been allowed to negotiate and sign deals with countries that have existing EU trade agreements. After Brexit day, which is due on 31 January, the UK will be free to negotiate and sign new trade deals with countries that have no existing EU deals - like the US.
At the same time, the UK will also need to negotiate a free trade deal with the EU to ensure that UK goods are not subject to tariffs after the transition period ends on 31 December 2020.
How many deals have been rolled over?
So far, the UK has signed 20 "continuity" deals covering 50 countries or territories:
- Kosovo (signed 4 December 2019)
- Jordan (14 November)
- Morocco (26 October)
- Georgia (21 October)
- Southern African nations (9 October)
- Tunisia (4 October)
- Lebanon (19 September)
- South Korea (22 August)
- Central America (18 July)
- Andean countries (15 May)
- Norway and Iceland (2 April)
- Caribbean countries (22 March)
- Pacific Islands (14 March)
- Liechtenstein (28 February)
- Israel (18 February)
- Palestinian Authority (18 February)
- Switzerland (11 February)
- The Faroe Islands (1 February)
- Eastern and Southern Africa (31 January)
- Chile (30 January)
Which deals won't be rolled over?
The UK government has previously said some deals are unlikely to be rolled over by exit day. San Marino, Andorra and Turkey won't be ready because these countries are already in a customs union with the EU. A deal with Japan - which is worth just over 2% of total UK trade - also won't be ready.
How much are these trade deals worth?
In 2018, the total value of UK trade (goods and services) was £1.3tn. About 11% of this trade came from countries with EU trade agreements.
Where does the UK trade?
% of total UK trade in 2018
Source: Department for International Trade
The 20 trade agreements the UK has reached represent just over 8% of total UK trade. That means the UK has so far rolled over about three-quarters of the EU's trade deals.
Kosovo
The agreement with Kosovo is the smallest trade deal to be rolled over. UK-Kosovo trade was just £8m in 2018.
Jordan
The agreement with Jordan was reached on 14 November. Total trade between the UK and Jordan was worth £448m in 2018.
Morocco
The UK's deal with Morocco was signed on 26 October. Trade between the two countries was worth £2.5bn in 2018.
Georgia
The UK signed an agreement with Georgia on 21 October. Trade between the two countries was worth £123m in 2018.
Southern Africa customs union and Mozambique
The UK signed a continuity deal with six African nations - South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) and Mozambique - on 9 October.
Trade between the UK and these six countries was worth £10.2bn in 2018.
Tunisia
Signed on 4 October, the government says UK consumers will continue to benefit from from lower textile and clothing prices following the agreement.
Trade between the UK and Tunisia was worth £542m in 2018.
Lebanon
The deal with Lebanon was signed on 19 September. Total trade between the UK and Lebanon was worth £762m in 2018.
South Korea
Signed on 22 August, the South Korea agreement is the first to be struck in Asia.
Total trade between the UK and South Korea was worth £14.8bn in 2018.
Central America
Six Central American countries (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama) signed the UK-Central America Association Agreement on 18 July.
The government says the deal means UK consumers will continue to benefit from lower prices on goods such as prawns and fruit.
Total trade between the UK and Central America was worth £1.1bn in 2018.
Andean countries
Colombia, Ecuador and Peru are the countries covered by the Andean agreement, signed on 15 May.
Total trade between the UK and the Andean countries was worth £3.4bn in 2018.
Norway and Iceland
The agreement, signed on 2 April, maintains the same level of tariffs on goods traded between the UK, Iceland and Norway.
The government says UK businesses will continue to benefit from lower import prices, such as aluminium and some fuel and oil products.
Total trade between the UK and Norway-Iceland was £30.6bn in 2018.
Caribbean countries
The deal with the Caribbean states (known as the Cariforum) covers 12 countries, including Barbados and Jamaica, and was signed on 22 March.
A further two countries, the Bahamas and the Republic of Suriname, have agreed to the deal in principle and are "expected to sign shortly".
Exporters of rum, bananas and sugar cane are all expected to benefit from the arrangement.
Total trade between the UK and the region was worth around £3.7bn in 2018.
GETTY IMAGESPacific Islands
The deal with the Pacific Islands - covering Fiji and Papua New Guinea - was signed on 14 March.
The UK says the deal will maintain access to goods such as fish and sugar.
In 2018, total trade between the UK and the region was worth around £163m.
Israel
The deal was formally signed on 18 February. The government says the agreement could save the UK vehicle industry up to £9m a year in tariff charges.
Total trade between the UK and Israel was worth £4.2bn in 2018.
Palestinian Authority
The UK-Palestinian Authority agreement was signed on 18 February.
The UK government says the deal will benefit Palestinian exporters of fruit, nuts and olive oil.
Total trade between the two was £41m in 2018.
Switzerland
The UK-Switzerland agreement was confirmed in Bern on 11 February.
Without the deal, the UK government says the motor industry could have faced up to £8m in tariff charges, while aluminium exporters could have faced up to £4m.
Trade between the UK and Switzerland was worth £32.4bn in 2018 - accounting for about 2.5% of total UK trade.
An additional agreement, which applies the main parts of the Swiss-UK deal to Liechtenstein, was also signed.
The Faroe Islands
The Faroe Islands is the UK's 114th largest trading partner, according to the government. Total trade between the two countries was worth £252m in 2018.
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The UK government says that the agreement will mean fish prices won't rise as a result of tariffs.
Eastern and Southern Africa
Trade between the Eastern and Southern Africa region was worth £2bn in 2018. The deal covers Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles and Zimbabwe.
Meat and fish are the main goods imported from the region by the UK.
Chile
The UK-Chile trade arrangement was the first agreement to be signed. Total trade was £2bn in 2018.
Fruit, nuts and drinks are the top goods imported by the UK. The government says the deal will help to protect parts of the UK's wine industry.
Mutual recognition agreements
The UK has also signed deals with the United States, Australia and New Zealand, but these are "mutual recognition agreements" and not free trade agreements.
The Australia and New Zealand deal replicates all aspects of the current EU agreements when it comes to recognising product standards, such as the labelling and certifying of wine.
The US agreement will, according to the Department for International Trade, particularly benefit the pharmaceutical sector which accounts for around £7.7bn of UK exports to the US - about 18% of the total.
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